Our expertise

Our expertise

Our expertise

Contractual Advisory


Skowronnek & Bechnak Contractual Advisory Services focus on reviewing and evaluating risk allocation and insurance related drafting in contracts, such as Supply, Installation and Operation & Maintenance Contracts. We act on either the Employer´s or Contractor´s behalf. We act internationally, specialising in renewable energy and infrastructure projects. Throughout our 25 years of professional experience acting on behalf of major international companies we have repeatedly exposed the grey area between the insurance broker on one hand and legal advisor on the other with respect to the formulation of insurance requirements, insurance clauses and schedules in a contract or minimum insurance requirements for investment and financial agreements. The negative consequences of improper risk allocation or inadequate insurance cover latest manifest themselves when a claim occurs. Sometimes, on the other hand, the project is “over insured“ which negatively impacts its total costs. 

 

What is the grey area that causes so many problems? 

 

On one hand, legal advisors who draft and negotiate contracts are not permitted to provide legal advice on insurance cover to be taken out for a particular project, such as the insurance level of cover, duration or deductible terms and conditions. For such advice, an insurance broker is normally consulted by the project. The insurance broker, who advises on insurance cover necessary to be taken out for a particular project reviews the insurance clause in the draft contract and proposes the level of insurance cover to be taken out without necessarily reviewing and amending the clause or going through the rest of the contract or Subcontracts. In doing so they would in essence be providing legal advice which the insurance broker is not permitted to do. It’s vital that these two specific areas do not only collaborate but that they are completely integrated and aligned. 

 

A contract which is well drafted but contains insurance requirements which are unavailable or unenforceable may give rise to an automatic breach of contract. On the other hand, securing insurance cover that corresponds with the requirements of the insurance clause will not be sufficient if the risk allocation and insurance relevant articles elsewhere in the contract affect and change the set up causing a gap in insurance cover and eventually its enforceability. These requirements will ultimately impact the overall contract price and not only the price of the insurance. 

 

We have for a number of years addressed this concern and endeavoured to change it. Having now obtained a license from the Hamburg Chamber of Commerce to practice as independent insurance advisors in all countries of the EU, we have found the solution by being able to provide services that cover both sides, without breaching established relationships and negatively affecting either legal representatives or brokers. 

Claims Advocacy


Skowronnek & Bechnak provide Claims Advocacy services for insurance claims that are complex due to their volume, number of parties involved or difficult contractual interpretation. The areas of expertise include physical loss or damage, including delay in start-up and business interruption, distinction between the damage and defect and interpretation of wordings, including LEG clauses under German and English law. We have individually and jointly negotiated for our Clients indemnification worth tens of millions. 

 

Ralf Skowronnek comes from the technical and engineering background and has a long history of claims successfully settled in particular due to his technical insight and insurance industry expertise. Before becoming a claims manager on the broker´s side, Ralf used to work as a loss adjustor both independently and on insurer´s side. His technical knowledge enables him to correctly understand and assess the root cause that gave rise to a loss, including manufacturing, chemical or physical forces influencing materials, such as drying out or hardening, elasticity, adhesion or cohesion or water accumulation and subsequent cracking of the surface, to mention but a few. Such technical understanding is vital for a correct assumption of what root cause lies behind the loss and how to present it to insurers in order to achieve due settlement under the insurance policy. Ralf also led for a number of years the renewable energy department of the world´s biggest insurance broker and was involved in drafting the policies which is of great assistance when it comes to their interpretation and risks that were intended to be covered under the insurance policy wording. 

 

Barbora Bechnak has a legal background and obtained her LL.M degree from the University of London with specialization in insurance and marine insurance law. Her main focus are therefore claims which are settled upon the principles of common law and English & Wales jurisdiction. Her first experience with claims came during her stay in London where she worked for Marsh London FINPRO Claims Department. During this time, Barbora learned how to extract the essence from statements of parties at times radically different and yet constituting two sides of the same claim. She has also learnt which words to use and which to avoid to increase the chances of the Client´s claim settlement and avoid unnecessarily long disputes. Having worked in the energy sector for the past decade, the present main focus are offshore wind claims, in particular review of insurance policies and underlying contracts and interpretation of parties´ obligations. Joint approach between the technical expertise and correct contractual interpretation is the essence of a successful claim settlement process. 

Due Diligence


Skowronnek & Bechnak have 10 GW internationally recognized expertise in performing Insurance Due Diligence for Renewable Energy and Infrastructure projects. The due diligence that we perform is based on our review of insurance policies taken out for construction and operational phases and their compliance with project contracts, such as Turbine Supply Agreement (TSA), Operations/ Service and Maintenance Agreement (OMA/SMA), Balance of Plant Contract (BoP) and Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) on the project side and Shareholder Agreement (SHA) and Share Purchase Agreement (SPA) on the investor´s side. We provide insurance due diligence services for both Vendors and Investors on three different levels: brief, standard and detailed due diligence. They differ in the level of information reviewed and the scope of provisions and parameters considered and the volume of the report corresponds to the scope of detail. 

 

The process starts with reviewing the relevant documents and issuing a “red flag” preliminary report with first findings. Depending on the stage of contractual negotiations, we propose amendments and summarize those in subsequent versions of the preliminary report which also contains further passages on additional documents reviewed and recommendations arising out of our review. The outcome of the insurance due diligence process is a report which provides an overview of the documents and insurance policies reviewed, including benchmark against projects of comparable parameters and size and insurance premium projections. Every final report contains our recommendations and conclusions. 

 

We have successfully advised Clients in a number of acquisitions and re-refinancing transactions and the reports that we have drafted were praised for their clarity of facts presented and potential pitfalls that we have uncovered and helped avoid. We have performed due diligences for Clients or assets located in Germany, UK, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, France, Spain, Poland, Slovakia, Taiwan and Japan. Our present focus is on Western Europe and Japan, where we have collaboration partners to ensure having relevant background with respect to regulatory and liability regimes. 

Lenders Insurance Advisory


Skowronnek & Bechnak have 6.5 GW internationally recognized expertise in performing Lenders´ Insurance Advisory for Renewable Energy and Infrastructure projects. The LIA due diligence that we perform is based on our review of insurance policies taken out for construction and operational phases and their compliance with project contracts, such as Turbine Supply Agreement (TSA), Operations/ Service and Maintenance Agreement (OMA/SMA), Balance of Plant Contract (BoP) and Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) on the project side and Facility Agreement (CTFA) on the Lenders´ side. 

 

The process starts with reviewing the relevant documents and issuing a “red flag” preliminary report with first findings. Depending on the stage of contractual negotiations, we propose amendments and summarize those in subsequent versions of the preliminary report which also contains further passages on additional documents reviewed and recommendations arising out of our review. The outcome of the insurance due diligence process is a report which provides an overview of the documents and insurance policies reviewed, including benchmarking against projects of comparable parameters and size and insurance premium projections. Every final report contains our recommendations and conclusions. 

 

Particular attention is given to compliance with Lenders´ requirements with respect to clauses, to avoid any potential breach of contract which would affect Lenders, and the necessary scope and level of insurance coverage which should correspond to the highest international standard. The expertise that we posses comes from more than a decade of personal engagement with due diligences and familiarity with aspects of the technology chosen and regulatory framework of the countries where we perform our services. We are well-versed in reading and evaluating technical reports, financial projections and contracts as well as supportive legal opinions and during the LIA process cooperate closely with the LLA, LTA and LFA. 

 

We have successfully advised Clients in a number of acquisitions and re-refinancing transactions and the reports that we have drafted were praised for their clarity of facts presented and potential pitfalls that we have uncovered and helped avoid. We have performed LIA due diligences for Clients or assets located in Germany, UK, Denmark, Taiwan and Japan. Our present focus is on Western Europe and Japan, where we have collaboration partners to ensure having relevant background with respect to regulatory and liability regimes. 

New Technologies


Skowronnek & Bechnak are in the forefront supporting new technologies with timely address of technical parameters and their adjustment to qualify for insurance coverage corresponding to the required level or as a prerequisite for obtaining non-recourse project finance. 

 

Our particular focus is on offshore wind projects where we have supported e.g. offshore wind monopile vertical drilling equipment manufacturer during their risk allocation and insurance requirements negotiations and parameters adjustments and where the drilling equipment received the highest achievable level of insurance coverage. 

 

Our present major engagement is floating offshore wind technology where we assist project owners and developers on the necessary technical parameters adjustment to enable their project qualify for an adequate level of insurance coverage and for non-recourse project finance. Ralf Skowronnek has been appointed as Chairman of the Insurance Sub-Committee of the Floating Offshore Wind Committee, part of the World Forum Offshore Wind and actively engages with the major industry stakeholders in an effort to find the right solutions with respect to insurability and future bankability of the floating offshore wind technology on a large commercial scale. 

 

Addressing the “insurability” question early enough during the project development saves a great amount of time and resources, both human and financial, which would otherwise have to be spent on project redesign, recalculation and reinforcement. 

 

The “insurability” question reads: “what technological and safety parameters does the project have to be able to demonstrate to qualify for the requested level of insurance coverage”. This means in simple terms, with what security features and redundancies, including foundation weight, OSS platform elevation above the sea level, anchoring or turbine pitching and lightning protection systems (to name but a few) the project has to be equipped to give insurers sufficient level of comfort when reviewing and underwriting the risk. If these features are not addressed during the planning and design phase, the project might face very unpleasant surprises when it comes to the project launch because the necessary insurance coverage is denied by insurers who do not have confidence in the project being sufficiently secured against risks that they would have to assume. 

 

We assist projects with identifying the necessary parameters and addressing the risks which insurers will in particular scrutinize and endeavour to jointly answer the question: what enhanced or additional features would enable the project to qualify for “insurability at the required level”. Early involvement is very beneficial because the design parameters must be put to the test before they are finalized and embedded in technical and contractual documents. 

 

In particular for obtaining non-recourse project finance insurance coverage at a required level is a prerequisite and it is therefore all the more crucial that new projects address their risk parameters and necessary redundancies early enough to secure their projects´ bankability at the later stage.

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